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民族地区人口政策一方面推动了人口与经济社会协调发展;另一方面人口政策与扶贫开发资源的整合,使人口政策反贫困的效果更加直接。然而,少数民族的人口增长速度较快也加剧了人口与生态资源的矛盾,人口受教育程度偏低、生活水平偏低、就业结构单一、贫困程度深等问题依然存在。文章研究结果显示,人口出生率下降能够显著增加城乡家庭人均收入和降低恩格尔系数,表明人口政策在提高家庭收入和降低家庭食品消费支出方面存在显著的减贫效应。与西部地区其他省份相比,人口出生率下降对民族八省区城乡家庭人均收入的提高和恩格尔系数的降低的作用更大。民族八省区中西北民族省区总体上好于西南民族省区。人口政策对西部民族八省区的缓贫效果比较有限。
On the one hand, the population policy in ethnic areas has promoted the coordinated development of population and economy and society; on the other hand, the integration of population policies and resources for poverty alleviation and development has made the anti-poverty effect of population policies more direct. However, the rapid population growth of ethnic minorities also exacerbated the contradiction between population and ecological resources. The problem of low level of education, low standard of living, single employment structure and deep poverty still exist. The results of the article show that the declining birth rate can significantly increase the per capita income of urban and rural families and reduce the Engel’s coefficient, indicating that there is a significant poverty reduction effect of population policies in raising family incomes and reducing household food consumption expenditures. Compared with other provinces in the western region, the declining birth rate has a greater effect on the per capita income of urban and rural families in eight ethnic provinces and the reduction of the Engel’s coefficient. Ethnic Eight Provinces Central and Northwest Ethnic Autonomous Provinces are generally better than Southwest Ethnic Autonomous Regions. The population policy has a limited effect on poverty alleviation in the eight provinces and autonomous regions in the western nation.