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目的了解产妇喂养焦虑的现状及其相关影响因素,为提出科学指导提供依据。方法 2015年6-12月,采用方便抽样方法,在北京、济南、长沙、十堰、成都、重庆、太原7地,依托当地妇幼保健机构选择分娩后3个月内的妇女进行调查。采用李永进编制的《母亲喂养焦虑评价量表》,由妇女自行填写,共调查560名,有效问卷522份。结果调查对象喂养焦虑阳性率为59.0%,其中轻度焦虑264名(50.6%),中度焦虑42名(8.0%),重度焦虑2名(0.4%)。喂养焦虑阳性率与调查对象年龄(χ2=10.626,P<0.05)、是否初次产妇(χ2=26.717,P<0.001)、是否早产(χ2=6.067,P<0.05)有关;喂养焦虑得分与对调查对象年龄(F=2.785,P<0.05)、家庭经济收入(F=4.324,P<0.05)、是否初次生产(F=16.446,P<0.001)有关。结论产妇喂养焦虑状况严重,与产妇的年龄、是否为初产妇、家庭经济收入等有关联,有关卫生部门应该加强对产妇的健康管理,缓解产妇喂养焦虑情绪,促进产妇和婴儿的健康发展。
Objective To understand the current status of maternal feeding anxiety and its related influential factors, and to provide the basis for scientific guidance. Methods From June to December 2015, women were surveyed within 3 months after delivery by local MCH institutions in Beijing, Jinan, Changsha, Shiyan, Chengdu, Chongqing and Taiyuan using convenient sampling method. The “Mother Feeding Anxiety Rating Scale” compiled by Li Yongjin was filled in by women themselves, altogether 560 were investigated and 522 valid questionnaires were available. Results The prevalence of feeding anxiety was 59.0%, of which 264 were moderate anxiety (50.6%), 42 moderate anxiety (8.0%) and 2 were severe anxiety (0.4%). The positive rate of feeding anxiety and the age of the subjects (χ2 = 10.626, P <0.05), whether the first-time maternal (χ2 = 26.717, P <0.001), preterm birth (χ2 = 6.067, The subjects’ age (F = 2.785, P <0.05), family income (F = 4.324, P <0.05) and initial production (F = 16.446, P <0.001). Conclusions Maternal feeding anxiety is serious and related to maternal age, whether it is primipara, family income or not. Relevant health departments should strengthen maternal health management, relieve maternal feeding anxiety and promote the healthy development of maternal and infant.