1.关贸总协定及其职能机构关税与贸易总协定简称为关贸总协定。原文缩写为GATT。它是二次大战后各国为发展经济和贸易、调整相互权力与义务而订立的一项多边条约。1947年签约时有包括中国在内的23个国家(缔约国),现已发展到107个国家和地区。关贸总协定与世界银行和国际货币基金组织共同构成国际金融的三大支柱,而关贸总协定因其作用更广泛,被称为国际经济贸易的“联合国”。关贸总协定进行了七次多边贸易谈判,又称作七个回合。谈判的主要内容是关税减让。而由于关税的削减,四十多年来世界贸易额增长了10倍以上。从第六轮谈判开始除关税减 1. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its functional organizations is referred to as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The original abbreviation is GATT. It is a multilateral treaty concluded by various countries after the Second World War to develop economy and trade and adjust mutual powers and obligations. At the time of signing in 1947, there were 23 countries (States parties) including China, which have now grown to 107 countries and regions. The GATT, together with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, constitute the three pillars of international finance, and the GATT has been called the “United Nations” of international economic trade because of its broader role. The GATT has conducted seven multilateral trade negotiations, also known as seven rounds. The main content of the negotiations is tariff concessions. Due to the reduction of tariffs, the volume of world trade has increased more than 10 times in more than 40 years. Starting from the sixth round of negotiations in addition to tariff reduction