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目的 了解上海地区儿童特发性高钙尿症（ＩＨ）流行病学、临床分型、代谢特点及肾功能状况。方法 对上海地区６４０ 例６ ～１３ 岁正常儿童行尿钙／ 肌酐（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ） 比值、２４ 小时尿钙定量、钙负荷试验筛查ＩＨ；对筛查出的１６ 例ＩＨ儿童行血、尿生化及肾小球和肾小管功能检查。结果 尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 值呈偏态分布，与性别无关，但与年龄相关；９ 岁前和９ 岁后其第９５ 百分位值分别为０－２６ 和０－１７；ＩＨ 儿童检出率为２－５０ ％ ，以吸收型ＩＨ 为主；ＩＨ 与家族泌尿系结石的发生密切相关；１６ 例ＩＨ 儿童尿Ｎ－ 乙酰－ β－ Ｄ－ 氨基葡萄糖苷酶增高６ 例，尿转铁蛋白增高２例，尿微量白蛋白及ＩｇＧ 增高各１ 例，而尿常规均正常。结论 本地区儿童ＩＨ 并不少见，无症状性ＩＨ 可引起肾小管功能的损害。
Objective To understand the epidemiology, clinical classification, metabolic characteristics and renal function of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in Shanghai. Methods Sixty-six normal children aged 6-13 years in Shanghai were enrolled in this study. The urinary calcium / creatinine (Ca / Cr) ratio, 24-hour urinary calcium and calcium load were measured. Biochemistry and glomerular and renal tubular function tests. Results Urine Ca / Cr values were skewed distribution, not related to sex, but age-related; before the age of 9 and after 9 years of age, the 95th percentile values were 0-26 and 0-17 respectively; the detection rate of IH children was 2-50%, mainly by absorption IH; IH and family urinary calculi are closely related; 16 cases of children with urinary N-acetyl - β-D-glucosaminidase increased in 6 cases, urinary transferrin increased 2 Cases, urinary albumin and IgG increased in 1 case, while urinary routine were normal. Conclusion It is not uncommon for IH in children in this area to have asymptomatic IH that can cause impairment of renal tubular function.