Based on the concepts of species and speciation,the speciation of Black-necked Grane(Grus nigricollis) was discussed using bio-geographic principles and some evidences suggest that Black-necked Grane had a close relationship with Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis).The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift may be the most important factor in allopatric speciation for Black-necked Crane.