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目的基于尿中对硝基酚(para-nitrophenol,PNP)的生物监测评估儿童体内暴露负荷,为保护儿童健康提供科学依据。方法选取江苏省某县参加“宫内环境化学物暴露对婴幼儿生长发育影响”队列的母亲于2009年6月-2010年1月期间所产441名3岁幼儿作为研究对象,在其父母协助下完成问卷调查和尿样采集,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测儿童尿中PNP的含量,通过非参数检验和多元线性回归分析可能的影响因素,基于尿样监测数据评估并比较了儿童体内PNP负荷水平。结果所有研究对象尿中均可检出对PNP,肌酐校正与未校正的PNP几何均值分别为12.14μg/g cre.和5.08μg/L。男童与女童PNP暴露水平未见统计学差异;多元线性回归结果显示,采样季节是影响PNP暴露水平的重要因素,夏季暴露水平高于其他季节,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),儿童尿中PNP浓度高于国外同类研究。结论研究地区儿童普遍高暴露于PNP或其前体物质,其对儿童的潜在健康风险不容忽视。
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo exposure of children based on the biological monitoring of para-nitrophenol (PNP) in urine and provide a scientific basis for the protection of children’s health. METHODS: A total of 441 3-year-old children from June 2009 to January 2010 were enrolled in the study. The mothers who participated in the “Effect of intrauterine environment chemical exposure on the growth and development of infants and young children” The questionnaires and urine samples were collected with the help of parents. The contents of PNP in children’s urine were determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS / MS). The possible influencing factors were analyzed by nonparametric test and multivariate linear regression. Monitoring data evaluated and compared the level of PNP load in children. Results All subjects were able to detect PNP in urine, and the geometric mean creatinine-corrected and uncorrected PNPs were 12.14 μg / g cre and 5.08 μg / L, respectively. There was no significant difference in the level of PNP exposure between boys and girls. The results of multiple linear regression showed that sampling season was an important factor affecting the level of PNP exposure. The summer exposure level was higher than other seasons (P <0.05) Urinary PNP concentration higher than similar studies abroad. CONCLUSIONS: Children in the study area are generally exposed to high levels of PNP or their precursors and their potential health risks to children should not be overlooked.