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目的探讨燃煤型氟中毒对大鼠骨组织形态计量学影响。方法建立低蛋白低钙条件下燃煤型氟中毒大鼠模型;测定大鼠24 h尿氟、骨氟,根据氟斑牙判断损伤程度;采用X线骨密度仪测定大鼠股骨及胫骨骨密度;扫描电子显微镜下观察大鼠股骨松质骨超微结构的形态学改变,观察大鼠胫骨上端骨形态静态计量学参数改变。结果染氟组大鼠100%发生氟斑牙;染氟组大鼠骨氟含量[(199.90±106.84)mg/kg]与骨密度(0.205 3 g/cm2)明显高于对照组[分别为(30.06±6.11)mg/kg、0.185 4 g/cm2],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);形态计量学结果显示,染氟组大鼠胫骨上端骨小梁面积[(67 612.02±1 662.23)mm2]、骨小梁周长[(7 655.44±918.05)mm]、骨小梁个数[(38.25±4.99)个/mm]均明显高于对照组[分别为(50 951.43±9 046.88)mm2、(5 172.42±789.70)mm、(27.75±4.19)个/mm](均P<0.05)。结论单纯低蛋白低钙条件下,过量氟暴露可导致大鼠骨形态计量学出现以骨软化为主的病理改变。
Objective To investigate the effects of coal-induced fluorosis on bone histomorphometry in rats. Methods The rat model of coal-induced fluorosis with low protein and low calcium was established. The urinary fluoride and bone fluoride in rats were measured at 24 hours. The degree of injury was evaluated according to the dental fluorosis. The BMD of the femur and tibia was measured by X-ray absorptiometry The morphological changes of the femoral cancellous bone ultrastructure were observed under a scanning electron microscope to observe the static metrological parameters of the upper tibia bone. Results Fluorosis occurred in 100% of the rats exposed to fluoride. The content of bone fluoride in the fluoride-exposed rats [(199.90 ± 106.84) mg / kg] and the BMD (0.205 3 g / cm2) were significantly higher than those in the control group 30.06 ± 6.11) mg / kg, 0.185 4 g / cm2], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Morphometry results showed that the area of trabecular bone in the upper tibia of rats exposed to fluoride was significantly higher than that of the control group [(67 612.02 ± 1 662.23 ) mm2], trabecular perimeter [(7 655.44 ± 918.05) mm] and trabecular number [(38.25 ± 4.99) / mm) were significantly higher than those in the control group [50 951.43 ± 9 046.88 mm2, (5 172.42 ± 789.70) mm, (27.75 ± 4.19) / mm] (all P <0.05). Conclusions Under the condition of low protein and low calcium alone, excessive fluoride exposure may lead to pathological changes of bone morphogenetics in rats.