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生物技术虽是一项新兴技术,但人类对生命的认识,特别是对人体自身的认识却经历了一个漫长的过程。从哈维和他的血液循环理论,到R.胡克在1665年首次提到“细胞”一词,再到19世纪巴斯德开辟了微生物领域,随着科学的进步,每一项惊人的发现都使人类对自身的认识更进一步。在人体解剖以及细胞、细菌发现之后,20世纪初发病机理研究取得了很大成就,尤其是随着DNA的发现和“人类基因组计划”的实施,人类对自身的认识才真正进入了生物分子时代,它向我们提供了一份生命“说明书”,奠定了人类认识自我的基石,也为世界各国农业、医药、食品、能源、化工、环保等行业开辟了广阔的发展前景。作为可能改变未来工业和经济格局的重要技术,从基因组破译到转基因技术和克隆技术等,近年来日益受到世界各国的普遍关注。
Although biotechnology is an emerging technology, human understanding of life, especially the human body itself has gone through a long process. From Harvey and his theory of blood circulation to R. Hooke first mentioned the term “cell” in 1665, and to the 19th century Pasteur opened up the field of micro-organisms. As the science progresses, every astonishing discovery All make human understanding of themselves further. After the anatomy of human body and the discovery of cells and bacteria, great achievements have been made in the study of the pathogenesis at the beginning of the 20th century. Especially with the discovery of DNA and the implementation of the “Human Genome Project”, human knowledge of itself has really entered the age of the biomolecule It provided us with a “statement of life” that laid the foundation stone for mankind’s self-awareness and opened up vast prospects for development in the fields of agriculture, medicine, food, energy, chemical industry and environmental protection in all countries in the world. As an important technology that may change the industrial and economic pattern in the future, from genome to transgene technology and cloning technology, it has drawn increasing attention in recent years.