用元素分析、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱等手段对不同结构成分的石墨纤维进行表征,研究了石墨结构与纤维中氮的关系。结果表明:在高温石墨化过程中,随着氮的减少,石墨微晶堆叠厚度和宽度不断增大,纤维的晶区取向度和石墨化度提高。氮含量大于0.08%时,石墨片层中有氮原子的位置会扭曲变形,不利于石墨微晶的生长,石墨微晶大小、晶区取向度及石墨化度增长比较缓慢;当氮元素含量小于0.08%时,由氮引起的石墨片层缺陷很少,石墨微晶大小、晶区取向度及石墨化度的增长速率随氮的减少而大幅度提高。脱除氮原子虽然不能引起石墨片层的生长,但是含氮石墨片层生长的控制步骤。 The graphite fibers with different structural components were characterized by means of elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The relationship between graphite structure and nitrogen in fiber was studied. The results show that with the decrease of nitrogen, the thickness and width of graphite microcrystalline stacking increase with the increasing of the orientation degree and the degree of graphitization of the fiber during graphitization at high temperature. When the nitrogen content is more than 0.08%, the position of nitrogen atoms in the graphite sheet will be distorted, which is not conducive to the growth of graphite microcrystals. The crystallite size, degree of orientation and degree of graphitization increase slowly. When the nitrogen content is less than At 0.08%, there were few defects of graphite sheet caused by nitrogen. The growth rate of graphite crystallite size, crystallographic orientation and graphitization degree greatly increased with the decrease of nitrogen. Although the removal of nitrogen atoms can not cause the growth of graphite sheets, the control of the nitrogen-containing graphite sheets grows.