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目的探讨早产儿乙肝疫苗接种时机、剂量研究和远期效果评价。方法对180名早产儿进行乙肝疫苗免疫接种,通过不同接种时机、剂量来反应其检测抗-HBs阳性远期效果情况。结果 180名观察对象经过检测后,观察发现抗-HBs阳性人数为90名,检出率为50.0%,其中首次接种后第13、和6个月的抗-HBs阳转率分别为20.0%、38.3%和91.7%,逐渐增加,3个时间段前后差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同免疫后时间段的大剂量抗-HBs阳性率都明显高于小剂量(P<0.05)。结论小儿接种是预防和控制乙型肝炎的有效手段,在应用建议推迟到6个月进行免疫,多采用大剂量疫苗。
Objective To investigate the timing, dosage and long-term effects of hepatitis B vaccination in premature infants. Methods A total of 180 preterm infants were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. The timing and dose of vaccination were used to evaluate the long-term effect of anti-HBs test. Results After the observation of 180 subjects, the positive number of anti-HBs was 90 and the detection rate was 50.0%. The anti-HBs positive rates at the 13th and 6th month after the first inoculation were 20.0% 38.3% and 91.7%, respectively. The difference between the three time periods was statistically significant (P <0.05). The positive rates of high-dose anti-HBs in different time after immunization were significantly higher than those in low dose (P <0.05). Conclusion Pediatric vaccination is an effective way to prevent and control hepatitis B, which is postponed until 6 months for application and more doses of vaccine are used.