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倒装句是英语中一种重要的句子结构，也是历年高考考查热点。
一、完全倒装
将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为完全倒装。常见的情况有：
1. 表示方位（如here，there）和方向的副词（如up, down, out, in, away）或then等置于句首时，句子的谓语是become, go, run, follow等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时，需把谓语动词置于主语之前，即完全倒装。
注：（1）此类倒装句有时具有进行意义，但不能用进行时的形式。
e.g.√There goes the bell.
×There is going the bell.
（2）若主语是人称代词，一般只将副词放在句首，主语仍置于动词之前，主语和谓语位置不倒装。
e.g. In he came and the meeting began.
e.g. John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl standD. stood a girl
解析：D 表示方位的副词there位于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
2. 表示地点的介词短语置于句首，为了保持句子平衡或起强调作用，主谓语实行完全倒装。
e.g. At the foot of the mountain _______.
A. a village lieB. lies a village
C. does a village lieD. lying a village
解析：B 表示地点的介词短语at the foot of the mountain置于句首，该句要用完全倒装结构。
3. 某些作表语的形容词、分词放在句首时，句子需要完全倒装。
e.g. Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
二、部分倒装
将谓语的一部分（即情态动词、系动词或助动词）提到主语前的称部分倒装。如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词，谓语只是一个实义动词，就要在主语前加助动词do, does或did，主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的情况有：
1. 主句倒装
（1）当hardly…when…, no sooner…than…（一……就……）句型置于句首时，倒装在hardly和no sooner所在的主句中进行，且hardly和no sooner后的谓语要用过去完成时，而when, than后面的从句不能倒装。
e.g. Hardly _______ our work when the storm broke.
A. we had finishedB. had we finished
C. did we finishD. we finished
解析：B hardly…when…也属含否定意义的连词，位于句首时句子要用倒装语序。
（2）当only +状语从句位于句首时，倒装部分要放在主句，而不是从句上。
e.g. Only when he reached the tea-house _______ it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realizedB. he did realize
C. realized heD. did he realize
解析：D 此处Only引导状语从句when he reached the tea-house前置，主句中主谓要部分倒装。
e.g. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______ a decision.
A. they reachedB. did they reach
C. they reachD. do they reach
解析：B 此处only修饰状语从句after they had discussed the matter for several hours前置，主句中主谓要部分倒装。再结合句子时态可知应该用一般过去时。
（3）当so…that, such…that结构位于句首时，so, such所在的句子要用倒装语序，而that后的从句不用倒装语序。
e.g.—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly _______ that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed by
B. the car speed by
C. does the car speed by
D. the car speeds by
解析：A 在“so +形容词/副词+ that分句”结构中，将“so +形容词/副词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓语应使用部分倒装语序。
（4）在not until +从句置于句首的倒装句中，倒装在主句中进行，until从句中不需要倒装。
e.g. Not until he left his home _______ to know how important the family was for him.
A. did he beginB. had he begun
C. he beganD. he had begun
解析：A 当“not until +从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。因begin发生在left之后或同时发生，故排除选项B。
2. 从句倒装
（1）在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若谓语动词含有were, had或should时，可将if省略，把从句中的were, had或should移置主语前，构成倒装形式。
e.g. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you beB. Should you be
C. Could you beD. Might you be
解析：B 根据句意可知，前面应是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句省略if, should提前，表示委婉语气。
（2）在as引导的让步状语从句中，as从句一般放在主句之前，倒装的方式是把从句的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
e.g. Try _______ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. ifB. when
C. sinceD. as
解析：D 本句中try放在句首，动词提前，是倒装形式，所以选择as。
e.g. _______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析：B 在as 引导的让步状语从句中，若提置句首的表语是名词时，该名词前无冠词修饰。
3. 并列句的倒装
（1）当not…only…but also…连接两个并列分句且包含否定意义的not only置于句首时，not only后的分句要进行部分倒装，而but also引导的分句不用倒装语序。
e.g. Not only _______ the radio without permission, but he also damaged it.
A. he borrowedB. does he borrow
C. he had borrowedD. did he borrow
解析：D not only引导的是句子，因此要用倒装语序。
（2）当neither…nor各引导一个句子时，两个句子都要用倒装语序。
e.g. Neither _______ to me, nor _______ me.
A. he wrote; he telephoned
B. did he write; he telephoned
C. did he write; did he telephone
D. he wrote; did he telephone
解析：C 此处neither和nor各引导一个句子，因此两句都要用倒装语序。
（3）以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示前面所说的内容也适用另一个人或物时要用倒装语序，表示肯定用so，表示否定用neither或nor。
e.g. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _______.
A. I was neitherB. neither was I
C. I was eitherD. either was I
解析：B 由前一分句结构可知，此处应用neither引出后一分句且句子要用倒装语序。
4. 简单句的倒装
（1）当具有否定意义的副词或副词词组如rarely, never, little, hardly, seldom, nowhere, by no means, in no case /way, at no time等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
e.g. —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely _______ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted
B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract
D. attracted a debate
解析：B rarely属含否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
（2）当only +作状语的单个副词或副词短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
e.g. Only then _______ how much damage had been caused.
A. had she realizedB. she realized
C. did she realizeD. she had realized
解析：C 此处only修饰的是状语then，且位于句首，因此句子要用倒装语序。
三、其它情况的倒装
1. 在表示愿望的感叹句中，要使用倒装语序。
e.g. May our country become rich and strong! 祝我们国家繁荣昌盛。
e.g. Long live the People’s Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁。
2. 在there be句型及其类似结构中，按语法需要谓语动词全位于主语之前。
e.g. There stands a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。
e.g. There seems to be still some elements undiscovered yet. 似乎还有一些元素没被发现。
一、完全倒装
将整个谓语提到主语之前的称为完全倒装。常见的情况有：
1. 表示方位（如here，there）和方向的副词（如up, down, out, in, away）或then等置于句首时，句子的谓语是become, go, run, follow等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时，需把谓语动词置于主语之前，即完全倒装。
注：（1）此类倒装句有时具有进行意义，但不能用进行时的形式。
e.g.√There goes the bell.
×There is going the bell.
（2）若主语是人称代词，一般只将副词放在句首，主语仍置于动词之前，主语和谓语位置不倒装。
e.g. In he came and the meeting began.
e.g. John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl standD. stood a girl
解析：D 表示方位的副词there位于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
2. 表示地点的介词短语置于句首，为了保持句子平衡或起强调作用，主谓语实行完全倒装。
e.g. At the foot of the mountain _______.
A. a village lieB. lies a village
C. does a village lieD. lying a village
解析：B 表示地点的介词短语at the foot of the mountain置于句首，该句要用完全倒装结构。
3. 某些作表语的形容词、分词放在句首时，句子需要完全倒装。
e.g. Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
二、部分倒装
将谓语的一部分（即情态动词、系动词或助动词）提到主语前的称部分倒装。如果句中没有情态动词、系动词或助动词，谓语只是一个实义动词，就要在主语前加助动词do, does或did，主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的情况有：
1. 主句倒装
（1）当hardly…when…, no sooner…than…（一……就……）句型置于句首时，倒装在hardly和no sooner所在的主句中进行，且hardly和no sooner后的谓语要用过去完成时，而when, than后面的从句不能倒装。
e.g. Hardly _______ our work when the storm broke.
A. we had finishedB. had we finished
C. did we finishD. we finished
解析：B hardly…when…也属含否定意义的连词，位于句首时句子要用倒装语序。
（2）当only +状语从句位于句首时，倒装部分要放在主句，而不是从句上。
e.g. Only when he reached the tea-house _______ it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realizedB. he did realize
C. realized heD. did he realize
解析：D 此处Only引导状语从句when he reached the tea-house前置，主句中主谓要部分倒装。
e.g. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______ a decision.
A. they reachedB. did they reach
C. they reachD. do they reach
解析：B 此处only修饰状语从句after they had discussed the matter for several hours前置，主句中主谓要部分倒装。再结合句子时态可知应该用一般过去时。
（3）当so…that, such…that结构位于句首时，so, such所在的句子要用倒装语序，而that后的从句不用倒装语序。
e.g.—Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly _______ that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed by
B. the car speed by
C. does the car speed by
D. the car speeds by
解析：A 在“so +形容词/副词+ that分句”结构中，将“so +形容词/副词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓语应使用部分倒装语序。
（4）在not until +从句置于句首的倒装句中，倒装在主句中进行，until从句中不需要倒装。
e.g. Not until he left his home _______ to know how important the family was for him.
A. did he beginB. had he begun
C. he beganD. he had begun
解析：A 当“not until +从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。因begin发生在left之后或同时发生，故排除选项B。
2. 从句倒装
（1）在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若谓语动词含有were, had或should时，可将if省略，把从句中的were, had或should移置主语前，构成倒装形式。
e.g. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you beB. Should you be
C. Could you beD. Might you be
解析：B 根据句意可知，前面应是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句省略if, should提前，表示委婉语气。
（2）在as引导的让步状语从句中，as从句一般放在主句之前，倒装的方式是把从句的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
e.g. Try _______ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. ifB. when
C. sinceD. as
解析：D 本句中try放在句首，动词提前，是倒装形式，所以选择as。
e.g. _______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析：B 在as 引导的让步状语从句中，若提置句首的表语是名词时，该名词前无冠词修饰。
3. 并列句的倒装
（1）当not…only…but also…连接两个并列分句且包含否定意义的not only置于句首时，not only后的分句要进行部分倒装，而but also引导的分句不用倒装语序。
e.g. Not only _______ the radio without permission, but he also damaged it.
A. he borrowedB. does he borrow
C. he had borrowedD. did he borrow
解析：D not only引导的是句子，因此要用倒装语序。
（2）当neither…nor各引导一个句子时，两个句子都要用倒装语序。
e.g. Neither _______ to me, nor _______ me.
A. he wrote; he telephoned
B. did he write; he telephoned
C. did he write; did he telephone
D. he wrote; did he telephone
解析：C 此处neither和nor各引导一个句子，因此两句都要用倒装语序。
（3）以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示前面所说的内容也适用另一个人或物时要用倒装语序，表示肯定用so，表示否定用neither或nor。
e.g. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _______.
A. I was neitherB. neither was I
C. I was eitherD. either was I
解析：B 由前一分句结构可知，此处应用neither引出后一分句且句子要用倒装语序。
4. 简单句的倒装
（1）当具有否定意义的副词或副词词组如rarely, never, little, hardly, seldom, nowhere, by no means, in no case /way, at no time等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
e.g. —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely _______ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted
B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract
D. attracted a debate
解析：B rarely属含否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
（2）当only +作状语的单个副词或副词短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
e.g. Only then _______ how much damage had been caused.
A. had she realizedB. she realized
C. did she realizeD. she had realized
解析：C 此处only修饰的是状语then，且位于句首，因此句子要用倒装语序。
三、其它情况的倒装
1. 在表示愿望的感叹句中，要使用倒装语序。
e.g. May our country become rich and strong! 祝我们国家繁荣昌盛。
e.g. Long live the People’s Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁。
2. 在there be句型及其类似结构中，按语法需要谓语动词全位于主语之前。
e.g. There stands a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。
e.g. There seems to be still some elements undiscovered yet. 似乎还有一些元素没被发现。