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根腐病是菠萝蜜生产中的重要病害之一,但其病原未见相关报道。为确定菠萝蜜根腐病病原,2013-2014年从海南省11个市县采集菠萝蜜病根样品15份,按照常规分离方法,获得62个分离物,对出现频率最高的优势菌采用柯赫氏法鉴定其致病性,应用形态学和PCR方法鉴定分离物种类,采用菌落生长法和玻片法研究其部分生物学特性。结果表明,62个分离物,经形态学初步鉴定归属于11个属(种),致病性测定结果显示引起菠萝蜜根部腐烂病害的优势致病菌为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani),不同培养基对病原菌菌丝生长的影响差异明显,其最佳培养基为菠萝蜜幼果煎汁培养基;温度、p H值、碳氮源对菌丝生长差异显著,菌丝生长最佳温度为28℃,菌丝的致死温度为63℃10 min,孢子最佳萌发温度为25℃,菌丝生长最佳p H值为7,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为硝酸铵。根腐病是菠萝蜜生产中的重要病害之一,但其病原未见相关报道,这是首次关于腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)导致菠萝蜜根腐病在我国发生和研究的报道,通过此研究以期为该病害的有效防控提供理论依据。
Root rot is one of the important diseases in the production of jackfruit, but no relevant reports have been found on its pathogens. To determine the pathogen of jackfruit root rot, from 2013 to 2014, 15 samples of jackfruit root samples were collected from 11 cities and counties of Hainan Province. 62 isolates were obtained according to the conventional separation method. The dominant bacteria with the highest frequency of occurrence were identified by Koch’s method Its pathogenicity, morphological and PCR methods were used to identify the types of isolates. Some biological characteristics were studied by colony growth and slide method. The results showed that 62 isolates belonged to 11 genera, and the pathogenicity test showed that Fusarium solani was the dominant pathogen causing root rot disease of jackfruit. Different culture The effect of the base on the mycelial growth of pathogenic bacteria was significantly different. The best culture medium was jackfruit jujube decoction medium. The temperature, p H value and carbon and nitrogen sources had significant difference on mycelium growth, and the optimum temperature for hypha growth was 28 ℃ , The lethal temperature of mycelium was 63 ℃ for 10 min, the optimal spore germination temperature was 25 ℃, the best p H value of mycelial growth was 7, the best carbon source was glucose and the best nitrogen source was ammonium nitrate. Root rot is one of the important diseases in the production of jackfruit, but its pathogen has not been reported yet. This is the first report on the occurrence and study of jackfruit root rot in our country caused by Fusarium solani. Provide a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and control of the disease.