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目的:为实施中央财政专项资金在兴仁县综合防治地氟病项目进行摸底调查,并为具体的防治实践操作提供依据。方法:由县地病办培训的各乡镇干部、乡镇卫生院和村医生按照统一的调查表对村民炉灶使用情况进行逐户普查,同时抽查村民粮食干燥及食前淘洗情况;用统一的调查问卷抽查成人和学生地氟病防治知识知晓率情况;由县疾控专业人员、乡镇卫生院和村医生在村小学调查8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果:在4个项目乡镇45个村内调查了37374户农户炉灶使用情况,回风铁炉拥有率为18.79%,回风铁炉烟管出屋率为77.85%,煤灶拥有率83.11%,煤灶烟囱出屋率13.08%,电炊具拥有率14.35%。4个项目乡镇的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为36.13%,受调查的45个村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率均大于30%。结论:通过摸底调查确认,兴仁县的这4个乡镇的45个村为地氟病流行区,符合综合防治项目的实施要求。通过在这个地区进行健康教育提高群众的防病意识,并投入资金实施炉灶改良,以达到防治燃煤污染型氟中毒流行的目的。
Objective: To conduct a thorough investigation of the endemic fluorosis in Xingren County for the implementation of special funds of the Central Government, and provide the basis for specific prevention and control practices. Methods: The township cadres, township hospitals and village doctors trained by county hospitals conducted a household survey on the use of stoves by households according to a unified questionnaire. Meanwhile, the situation of villagers’ food dryness and panning before meals was also checked. A unified questionnaire Spot check of adult and student awareness of fluoride prevention and control of the situation; by the county CDC professionals, township hospitals and village doctors in the village primary school children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis survey. Results: The 37374 household stoves in 45 villages in 4 townships were surveyed. The utilization rate of return stoves was 18.79%, that of returning iron stoves was 77.85%, that of coal stoves was 83.11%, that of coal stoves Chimney stove exit rate of 13.08%, electric cooker ownership rate of 14.35%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children from 8 to 12 years was 36.13% in 4 projects in towns and townships. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 in 45 villages was more than 30%. Conclusion: Through thorough investigation, 45 villages in these 4 townships in Xingren County are endemic areas of endemic fluorosis, which meets the implementation requirements of the integrated prevention and control project. Through health education in this area to raise public awareness of disease prevention, and invest funds to implement stove improvement in order to achieve the purpose of combating coal-based fluorosis poisoning.