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In this paper, the executive situation of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological construction is reviewed, and the characteristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11 th Five- Year Plan period is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of environmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11 th Five-Year Plan period: strengthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows: set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost accounting; adjust the industrial structure actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protection from end treatment to headstream and process control; strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of who treats who benefits; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental management; lay extra emphasis on two key targets: water pollution treatment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological construction and poverty alleviation in higher level.