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目的探讨婴幼儿期体格生长偏离与喂养困难的关系及体格生长偏离的影响因素。方法采用定点抽样的方法,在确定调查对象后,由儿童的主要抚养人和医务人员共同填写婴幼儿喂养困难评分量表及调查问卷,并对婴幼儿体格发育情况进行测量。结果 6～24月龄中国婴幼儿喂养困难发生率为21.41%;婴幼儿有无喂养困难及喂养困难程度与是否发生生长迟缓、低体质量、消瘦相关,随着喂养困难程度的加重,三者发生率增高。经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,“是否反复上呼吸道感染,喂养人是否为母亲,喂养时孩子对您的反应积极,孩子进餐地点固定,孩子的喂养人固定,孩子进食时间超过30 min,您允许孩子想吃就吃,同一种食物用不同做法促进食欲,您判断孩子不吃某种食物的依据,现在每天是否吃鱼肉虾类、吃蛋类、吃粮谷类、吃水果类”13个因素是婴幼儿体格生长偏离的影响因素。结论预防婴幼儿喂养困难可有效降低婴幼儿生长迟缓、低体质量、消瘦的发生。合理的饮食结构、喂养人科学的喂养知识和恰当的喂养行为有利于预防体格生长偏离的发生。
Objective To investigate the relationship between physical growth deviation and feeding difficulty in infancy and influencing factors of physical growth deviations. Methods The method of fixed-point sampling was adopted. After confirming the target of investigation, the children’s primary caregivers and medical staffs jointly filled in the infant and child feeding difficulty scale and questionnaire, and measured the physical development of infants and toddlers. Results The incidence of feeding difficulties in infants and young children aged 6-24 months was 21.41%. The difficulty of feeding and the difficulties of feeding were related to the occurrence of growth retardation, low body weight and weight loss in infants and young children. With the aggravation of feeding difficulty, The incidence increased. According to multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis, whether children with respiratory tract infections were repeatedly infected, whether the mothers were mothers, the children reacted positively to your feeding, the children had a fixed place for meal, the children were fixed, the children fed for more than 30 minutes, You allow children to eat, eat the same kind of food to promote appetite with different practices, you determine the basis of children do not eat certain foods, and now whether every day to eat fish shrimp, eat eggs, eat cereals, eat fruit "13 Factors are the factors that affect the physical growth of infants and young children. Conclusion Prevention of infant feeding difficulties can effectively reduce infant growth retardation, low body weight, weight loss. Reasonable diet, feeding scientific feeding knowledge and appropriate feeding behavior is conducive to the prevention of physical growth deviations occur.