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和法国哲学家路易.阿尔都塞一样,意大利政治哲学家安东尼奥.内格里(AntonioNegri)也是以重读马克思的著作作为其理论的出发点的。在马克思对生产力与生产关系的客观法则的强调之外,内格里重新探讨了马克思在社会主体方面的理论贡献,认为资本主义是一个有着两种主体性的社会体制,其中一个主体(资本)通过强迫劳动和强迫剩余劳动支配另一个主体(工人阶级),工人阶级不是资本主义发展的衍生物,而是一种真正对立的主体,它能够通过自己的斗争打破资本的逻辑和资本的统治,建立一种新社会。对工人阶级主体性的探讨是内格里对马克思主义理论的新发展,他的这一研究也是跟当代意大利的政治生活紧密相连的,意大利的区域政治和工人运动的蓬勃发展都为其理论创新提供了现实基础。《超越马克思的马克思》作为内格里的代表作,为我们提供了其理论在马克思主义中的出发点,有助于我们对内格里后来思想发展的认识。这里编发的是《超越马克思的马克思》一书的英文版由吉姆.弗莱明撰写的前言和由三位译者哈里.克利弗、迈克尔.瑞安和毛里齐奥.维亚诺分别撰写的导论部分,希望有助于国内对内格里思想的讨论。
Like the French philosopher Louis Althusser, the Italian political philosopher Antonio Negri took the reread of Marx’s writings as the starting point of his theory. In addition to Marx’s emphasis on the objective laws of the relations between productive forces and production, Negroponte re-explores Marx’s theoretical contribution to the social subjects, thinking that capitalism is a social system with two kinds of subjectivity. One of the subjects (capital) By forcing labor and forcing surplus labor to dominate another (working class), the working class is not a derivative of the development of capitalism but a truly antagonistic subject capable of breaking the logic of capital and the rule of capital through its own struggle, Create a new society. The discussion of the subjectivity of the working class is Negri’s new development of Marxist theory. His research is also closely linked with the political life of contemporary Italy. Both the regional politics and the workers’ movement in Italy are their theoretical innovations Provide a realistic basis. “Marx beyond Marx”, as Negri’s masterpiece, provides us with the starting point of his theory in Marxism and helps us to understand Negril’s later thought development. The preface by Jim Fleming and the introduction by three translators Harry Cleaver, Michael Ryan and Maurizio Viano, respectively, are compiled here in the English version of “Marx beyond Marx” In part, it hopes to help domestic discussion of Negri’s thinking.