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目的了解钢铁企业职业伤害特点。方法收集四川某钢铁企业2001-01-01/2005-12-31职工伤亡事故登记资料进行回顾性调查分析。结果该企业5年期间共发生198起工伤事故,伤亡人数223人,男性201人(90.1%)、女性22人(9.9%);职业伤害主要年龄段在30～39岁(109人,占48.9%)和40～49岁(62人,占27.8%),男女职业伤害年龄构成差别无统计学意义(χ2=6.652,P>0.05);伤害部位四肢多见(94例,56.3%);伤害类别主要为灼伤(50例,占22.4%)、机械伤(45例,占20.2%)、物体打击伤(34例,占15.2%)和起重伤(25例,占11.2%);轧钢厂职业伤害主要工种是挂吊工(21人,20.1‰),维修工(20人,16.3‰)和轧钢工(12人,11.8‰);炼铁厂主要是炉前工(23人,22.33‰),其次为维修工(14人,7.82‰);炼钢厂主要为浇钢工(10人,8.73‰)、其次为炉前工(10人,6.89‰)和维修工(11,6.4‰)。结论钢铁企业不同工种职业伤害发生率不同,职业伤害发生有工种、类别、程度和部位等差别,职业伤害防治工作应根据企业职业伤害特点开展。
Objective To understand the characteristics of occupational injuries in steel enterprises. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the registration data of workers’ casualties in an iron and steel enterprise in Sichuan from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2005. Results A total of 198 work-related injuries occurred during the five-year period. The number of casualties was 223, including 201 males (90.1%) and 22 females (9.9%). Occupational injuries were mainly occurred in the age group of 30-39 (109, 48.9 %) And age from 40 to 49 (62, accounting for 27.8%). There was no significant difference in the age of occupational injury between men and women (χ2 = 6.652, P> 0.05) The main categories were burns (50 cases, 22.4%), mechanical injuries (45 cases, 20.2%), objects against injury (34 cases, 15.2%) and lifting injuries (25 cases, 11.2% The main types of injuries were hanging workers (21 persons, 20.1 ‰), maintenance workers (20 persons, 16.3 ‰) and steel rolling workers (12 persons, 11.8 ‰); the ironworks mainly consisted of 23 workers (22.33 ‰) , Followed by maintenance workers (14 persons, 7.82 ‰); steel mills are mainly steel-pouring workers (10 persons, 8.73 ‰), followed by pre-furnace workers (10 persons, 6.89 ‰) and maintenance workers (11.6.4 ‰) . Conclusion The incidence of occupational injuries among different trades and occupations in the iron and steel enterprises is different. Occupational injuries occur in different types, types, degrees and positions, and the prevention and control of occupational injuries should be based on the characteristics of occupational injuries in enterprises.