Particle number fluctuations in BCS theory are studied with the relativistic mean-field theory and the shell effects of particle number fluctuations are first d
The high charge state all permanent Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source(ECRIS)LAPECR2 (Lanzhou All Permanent magnet ECR ion source No.2)has been successfull
The energy loss, produced by shielding effect of steel cage outside the source tube, is quite considerable. With PENELOPE software package, MC results have been