例1,患儿,男,5岁半。因面色苍白一年,加重三个月入院,平时易患感冒发热,常有鼻孔少量流血。体检:体温37.3℃,体重14kg,血压12/8KPa,面色苍黄,神萎,消瘦,双颌下淋巴结黄豆大小,活动,无触痛,颅骨无缺损,双肺呼吸音粗糙。心尖区有Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音,心律齐,腹部膨隆,肝肋下8cm,剑突下5cm,质中等,脾脏达腹中线,脐下1.5cm,边缘钝,无触痛。实验室检查:Hb75g/L,RBC2.1×10~(12)/L,WBC4.8×10~9/L,中性36%,淋巴64%,网织红7.3%,血小板 Example 1, children, male, 5 years and a half. Due to pale face year, increased three months admission, usually susceptible to cold and fever, often a small amount of bleeding nostrils. Physical examination: body temperature 37.3 ℃, weight 14kg, blood pressure 12 / 8KPa, pale yellow, wilting, weight loss, bilateral submandibular lymph nodes soybean size, activity, no tenderness, skull defect, lung breath sounds rough. Apex Ⅱ grade systolic hair-like murmur, Qi Qi, abdomen bulging, liver ribs 8cm, xiphoid 5cm, medium quality, spleen up to the midline, umbilical 1.5cm, blunt edge, no tenderness. Laboratory tests: Hb75g / L, RBC2.1 × 10-12 / L, WBC4.8 × 10-9 / L, neutral 36%, lymphatic 64%, reticulocyte 7.3%, platelet