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生物工程学一般包括发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程等新技术.细胞工程和基因工程是广义的遗传工程,而狭义的遗传工程就是专指基因工程.两者是代表在不同水平的遗传操作.细胞工程,即细胞操作法,这是通过体细胞融合或体细胞杂交克服物种间不亲和性的障碍,将不同种的基因组(包括线粒体和叶绿体的基因组)结合在一起的方法.基因工程,即分子操作法,这是利用酶学手段在体外构建DNA重组分子,然后把它导入受体细胞内,并使供体的基因表达;或者在试管内将基因修饰甚至制造新的基因,然后再引入细胞或个体的方法.基因工程是生物工程最活跃的领域,堪称为“生长点”.
Bioengineering generally includes new technologies such as fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, cell engineering and genetic engineering.Cell engineering and genetic engineering are broadly defined genetic engineering, but narrowly defined genetic engineering refers specifically to genetic engineering, both of which represent different levels of Genetic manipulation. Cell engineering, or cell manipulation, is a method of combating species-to-species incompatibilities by somatic or somatic hybridization, combining different genomic groups, including mitochondria and chloroplast genomes. Genetic engineering, molecular manipulation, is the use of enzymatic means to construct DNA recombinant molecules in vitro, which are then introduced into recipient cells and allow the expression of the donor’s genes; or to genetically modify and even create new genes in vitro , And then introduce cells or individuals.Genetic engineering is the most active area of bioengineering, called “growth point.”