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以1980～2006年黑龙江省农科院长期定位试验为平台,比较了不同施肥制度对黑土区土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,有机肥配施化肥可以全面提高黑土区土壤肥力,其中以有机肥+氮钾化肥效果最佳;速效磷受施肥制度影响最大。有机肥+磷化肥提高有机质含量效果最佳;有机肥+氮化肥提高碱解氮含量效果最佳;有机肥+磷钾化肥提高速效磷含量效果最佳;有机肥+氮钾化肥提高速效钾含量效果最佳。在有机肥+氮磷钾化肥处理下,有机质和碱解氮在1980～2006年年纪波动显著;磷钾化肥处理下,速效磷在1980～2006年年纪变化显著;在磷化肥处理下,速效钾在1980～2006年年纪变化显著。
Taking the long-term positioning experiment of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1980 to 2006 as a platform, the effects of different fertilization systems on soil fertility in black soil area were compared. The results showed that the application of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizer could improve the soil fertility of black soil in an all-round way. Among them, organic manure + nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were the best. The available phosphorus was the most affected by fertilizers. Organic fertilizer + phosphorus fertilizer to improve the organic matter content of the best; organic fertilizer + nitrogen fertilizer to improve the optimal hydrolysis of nitrogen content of the best; organic fertilizer + phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the available phosphorus content of the best; organic fertilizer + nitrogen and potassium fertilizer to improve the available potassium content Best effect. Under organic manure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen fluctuated significantly from 1980 to 2006. Under phosphorus and potassium fertilizers treatment, available phosphorus varied significantly from 1980 to 2006. Under the treatment of phosphate fertilizer, available potassium In the 1980 ~ 2006 age changes significantly.