随着中国步入老龄化社会,心房颤动在中国的发生率越来越高,它是脑卒中的高危因素,对其发生及维持机制进行研究有重要的临床意义.虽然大量研究表明心房颤动的发生及维持与心电重构和心房结构重构密切相关;但是其具体机制目前仍未完全清楚,近年来,国内外对其进行了基因遗传学、分子生物学等多角度、多领域的研究.现综述近期的研究进展,从心房重构、肾素-血管紧张素系统的激活、自主神经改变、心房能量代谢异常等角度阐述心房颤动的发生与维持机制.“,”Atrial fibrillation in China is much more common as a high risk factor because of its aging era. Although a large number of studies have shown that the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation are closely related with electrical remodeling and atrial structural remodeling,and further mechanism is not fully clear yet. This review summarizes the recent advances in occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation from the aspects of atrial remodeling,activation of renin-angiotensin system,autonomic changes,and atrial energy abnormalities.