一序言农业以及农村生活污水排放已经成为湖沼等封闭性水域主要的氮、磷污染源。在中国,长久以来人们一直将工业作为污染对策的实施重点,自从2010年全国污染源普查结果发布,农业及畜牧业成为水域特别是湖沼、水坝等封闭性水域的主要氮、磷污染源广为人知,人们开始将农业生产活动及农村生活所导致的环境污染问题作为重要政策课题加以关注。中国共产党中央委员会、国务院发布的2012年中央一号文件中提出,要把农村环境整治和农 A preface to agricultural and rural domestic sewage discharge has become a lake and other closed waters of the main nitrogen and phosphorus sources. In China, industry has long been regarded as the focus of industrial pollution control measures. Since the publication of the 2010 National Pollution Census, the major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution have been well known in agriculture and animal husbandry as closed waters such as lakes and marshes and dams, and people started Pay attention to the issue of environmental pollution caused by agricultural production activities and rural life as an important policy issue. The Central Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council released the document No. 1 of the Central Government in 2012, which proposed that rural environmental remediation and farming