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目的研究模拟失重下身体不同部位动脉血管壁结构重塑变化的性质及其可逆性。方法用透射电镜观察尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ４）、悬吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ１）、及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠后肢和头颈部动脉血管壁的超微结构改变。结果后肢的动脉血管（如股动脉及胫前动脉）的改变是：ＳＵＳ４组平滑肌层数减少、平滑肌细胞内肌丝减少，间质胶原增多；ＲＥＣ１组内弹力层增厚，平滑肌细胞内肌丝增加，内皮下出现合成表型的新生平滑肌细胞，间质量减少；头颈部的动脉血管（如颈总动脉及基底动脉）的变化：平滑肌细胞层数增加，细胞增生，由收缩表型向合成表型转化，以及平滑肌细胞迁移等；ＲＥＣ１组上述改变有部分恢复。结论对飞行后立位耐力降低的外周效应器机制假说提出了新的实验证据。
Objective To study the nature and reversibility of remodeling of arterial wall structures in different parts of the body under simulated weightlessness. Methods The ultrastructural changes of hindlimb and head and neck arterial wall were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM-4), resumption of 1wk after 4wk suspension (REC-1) and control (CON) rats. Results The changes of hindlimb arteries (such as the femoral artery and anterior tibial artery) were as follows: the number of smooth muscle layer of SUS4 group decreased, the myofilament of smooth muscle cell decreased, and the interstitial collagen increased; in the REC1 group, the inner elastic layer thickens and the smooth muscle Intramyocardial increased filamentous cells, the new phenotype appears under the endothelium of new smooth muscle cells, between the reduced mass; head and neck of the arteries (such as the common carotid artery and basilar artery) changes: smooth muscle cell layers, cell proliferation, Phenotype to the synthetic phenotype, as well as smooth muscle cell migration; REC 1 group of the above changes in some recovery. Conclusions A new experimental evidence for the hypothesis of peripheral effector mechanism with reduced post-flight endurance is proposed.