一、引言如何预测介质对反应速度的影响在指导生产实践上有其重要意义。但迄今已有的理論非常粗糙而不完全。例如以丙酮的卤化反应为例,在CH_3COOH—H_2O混合介质中,此速度大于C_2H_5OH—H_2O混合介质,而后者又大于純水中的地速度。因在反应过程中均用适量酸(如HCl)为催化剂,而CH_3COOH的酸催化活性远此HCl等 I. INTRODUCTION How to predict the effect of media on the reaction rate has important significance in guiding production practice. But so far the theory has been very rough and not complete. For example, acetone halogenation reaction, in the CH_3COOH-H_2O mixed media, the speed is greater than C_2H_5OH-H_2O mixed medium, while the latter is greater than pure water in the ground speed. Because the reaction process using the right amount of acid (such as HCl) as a catalyst, and CH 3 COOH acid catalytic activity far HCl and so on