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研究表明,中等以上肥力的冬小麦水浇地改为旱作时,通过合理施用有机肥和氮素化肥,可使土壤保持较高的含水量。随着有机肥用量的增加,植株叶片气孔导度变小,蒸腾速率与光合速率下降,叶片保水能力增强,提高了小麦植株的光合作用效率。与施用化肥相比,有机肥在降低植株叶片相对含水量、脱水速率方面作用显著。这些生理特性的改善,导致小麦产量提高11％,从而达到充分利用当地自然降水,节约地下水,降低生产成本,获得与水浇麦田相当的高产目的,是今后小麦高产栽培中值得重视的一条途径。
The research shows that when irrigated land of medium fertility and moderate irrigability is changed to dry farming, the soil can maintain high water content through rational application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer. With the increase of organic manure, the stomatal conductance of plant leaves became smaller, the transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate decreased, and the water retention capacity of leaves increased, which increased the photosynthesis efficiency of wheat plants. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer in reducing plant leaf relative water content, dehydration rate significant role. The improvement of these physiological characteristics led to an increase of 11% in wheat yield. Therefore, it is worthy to pay attention to high-yielding wheat in the future in order to make full use of local natural precipitation, save groundwater, reduce production cost and obtain high-yielding yield equivalent to irrigated wheat fields.