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高海拔训练,意味着在高于传统高原训练的高度(>2500米)进行训练。对某些耐力性项目如登山,滑雪项目来说,对高海拔的适应以及在高海拔环境下训练已经越来越多受到关注。在人工模拟高海拔和自然高海拔训练中,后者因为条件艰苦、不易控制而鲜有运动员尝试。对于世居高原的竞走运动员来说,由于长期在高原环境下居住,对居住地的低氧环境已经产生适应,可以尝试进行更高海拔的短期训练。出生在高原的肯尼亚和墨西哥耐力运动员都曾通过更高海拔(>3000米)的高原训练来进一步提高运动能力。近年来,同样是世居高原的中国国家竞走队云南高原组也进行了类似的尝试与探索。云南迪庆、香格里拉,地处海拔5300米的高原。自2002年起,国家竞走队高原组开始在香格里拉进行短期的高海拔训练。是什么样的吸引力,使这支在中国居于领先水平的队伍一来再来?高海拔训练到底是利多还是弊大?在高海拔训练,其训练原则又该有哪些不同?鉴于此,本文对中国优秀竞走运动员的高海拔训练进行了研究与分析。
High altitude training means training at altitudes higher than traditional altitude training (> 2500 meters). For some endurance projects such as mountaineering and skiing, more attention has been paid to the adaptation to high altitude and to training at high altitude. In artificial simulated high altitude and natural high altitude training, the latter because of difficult conditions, difficult to control and few athletes try. For walkers who live in the plateau, short-term training at higher elevations may be attempted due to long-term accommodation in the highland environment and adaptation to the low-oxygen environment of their place of residence. Both end-of-life Kenyan and Mexican endurance athletes born in the plateau have further increased their athletic ability through plateau training at higher elevations (> 3,000 meters). In recent years, the Yunnan Plateau Group, a Chinese national race team that is also the plateau of the world, also made similar attempts and explorations. Yunnan Diqing, Shangri-La, is located 5300 meters above sea level plateau. Since 2002, the National Walking Team Plateau Group has started short-term high-altitude training in Shangri-La. What kind of attractiveness makes this team living in the leading level in China come back? High altitude training in the end is bullish or bad? In high altitude training, the training principles and what are the differences? In view of this, this article on The research and analysis on the high altitude training of Chinese elite walking racers.