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象征主义作为欧洲19世纪末一个重要的文艺思潮,它直接改变了其所处时代的艺术面貌,并且深刻地影响了欧洲现代艺术的发展。它构建了一个充满寓意和幻想的引人入胜的艺术世界。艺术开始进入一个“没有观念就不能产生形式,没有形式也不能表现观念”的阶段,它构成了西方现代艺术史的重要部分,显现了那个时代艺术家的审美世界与精神理想。象征主义艺术主要表现在绘画及雕塑方面,它表达思想和感情不再忠于对现实的描述,而是通过隐喻、暗示、幻想等手法,在作品中表达着艺术家自我的审美精神与理想。象征主义的美学特征正如象征主义诗人和艺术批评家阿尔伯特·奥里埃的概括:
As an important literary and artistic trend of thought in Europe at the end of 19th century, symbolism directly changed the artistic face of the times in which it lived and profoundly influenced the development of European modern art. It builds a fascinating world of art full of meaning and fantasy. Art begins to enter a stage where “no idea can not produce form, no form nor performance.” It constitutes an important part of the history of Western modern art and reveals the artist’s aesthetic world and spiritual aspirations of that era. Symbolism is mainly manifested in the field of painting and sculpture. It expresses thoughts and feelings no longer loyal to the description of reality. Instead, it expresses the artist’s own aesthetic spirit and ideal in his works through metaphorical, suggestive and fantasy methods. The Aesthetic Features of Symbolism As summarized by the symbolist poet and art critic Albert Orière: