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长期以来,人们对于文学一直存在着误解,认为文学就是风花雪月。其实,文学是人学,是生活的一面镜子,表现的内容涉及最为基本的社会价值关系。文学作为一种特定的语言符号,是特定时代的文化载体,是人类文明符号的象征。文学可以体现一定的社会变迁,它以一种艺术方式承载着人类文化的生存状态和人类价值,不同时期文学特点可以体现不同时代文化和社会特征。因此,文学作品是我们社会的必然产物,任何一种文学流派的产生都有一定的社会背景和思想基础,随着社会物质生活和精神生活的发展而不断变化,同时又能动的反映时代的变迁。本文以美国的自然主义文学为例,阐释了文学与社会的政治、经济、文化的发展之间密不可分的关系。
For a long time, people have been misunderstood literature, that literature is romantic. In fact, literature is a humanity, a mirror of life, and its content relates to the most basic social value relations. As a specific language symbol, literature is the carrier of culture in a particular era and the symbol of human civilization. Literature can reflect certain social changes. It carries the living conditions of human culture and human values in an artistic way. The characteristics of literature in different periods can reflect the cultural and social characteristics of different periods. Therefore, the literary works are the inevitable product of our society. The emergence of any kind of literary genre has certain social background and ideological basis. With the development of social material and spiritual life, it constantly changes while reflecting the changes of the times . This article takes the naturalistic literature of the United States as an example to illustrate the inextricable relationship between literature and the political, economic and cultural development of society.