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关于小农经济的界定,学术界有各种表述,[37a、41、85b]观察角度和侧重点各有不同,但基本精神大体一致。小农经济是农业领域的与手工工具相联系的个体经济,它最本质的内涵,一是以个体家庭为生产和消费单位,即把物质再生产和人口再生产结合在个体家庭之中,二是以直接生产者的小私有制为基础,这种小私有制包括对土地、农具、耕畜和其它生产资料程度不同的所有权。小农经济经营规模狭小,以满足自身消费为生产的基本目的,小农业与家庭手工业相结合,受社会上占主导地位生产关系的支配,对地主、乡族、国家存在不同程度的依附,既脆弱又顽强,易分化亦易再生等等特点,均由此而派生。根据小农与生产资料关
With regard to the definition of small-scale peasant economy, there are various statements in academia [37a, 41, 85b] The observation angle and the emphasis point are different, but the basic spirit is basically the same. The small-scale peasant economy is an individual economy linked with hand tools in the field of agriculture. The most essential connotation is that the individual family is a unit of production and consumption, that is, the combination of material reproduction and population reproduction in individual households, and the second is direct Based on the small private ownership of producers, such small private ownership includes ownership of different degrees of land, tools, livestock and other means of production. The small-scale peasant economy has a small scale to meet the basic purpose of its own consumption for production. The combination of small-scale farming and family handicrafts is dominated by the dominant production relations in society and is dependent on the landlord, the ethnic group and the country to varying degrees and is both vulnerable And tenacious, easy to differentiate and easy to reproduce, etc., are derived from. According to small farmers and means of production