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目的了解高校女生有关叶酸预防神经管缺陷(NTDs)知识现状并探讨其影响因素,为在育龄妇女中进行叶酸干预提供依据。方法按照学科专业分层抽取3所高校女生523人进行问卷调查。结果高校女生叶酸知晓率为50.9%,叶酸有预防NTDs作用的知晓率为25.8%;工科和文科与医科专业女生叶酸认知水平差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.298,P<0.001,OR=15.556,95%CI=7.736～31.281);女研究生与大学生对于叶酸有预防NTDs作用的知晓率不同(χ2=11.490,P=0.001,OR=2.576,95%CI=1.491～4.453);健康教育是提高高校女生知晓叶酸有预防NTDs作用的主要措施(χ2=4.732,P<0.05,OR=0.544,95%CI=0.314～0.941)。结论高校女生叶酸相关知识知晓水平较低,需加强健康教育以提高育龄妇女叶酸服用率,减少NTDs发生。
Objective To understand the current status of folic acid prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) among college girls and to explore the influencing factors, and provide evidence for the intervention of folic acid in women of childbearing age. Methods A total of 523 college girls from three colleges and universities were stratified by questionnaire to conduct questionnaire survey. Results The awareness rate of folic acid in college girls was 50.9%, folic acid awareness of NTDs was 25.8%, there was significant difference in the level of folic acid between the female students of engineering and liberal arts (χ2 = 59.298, P <0.001, OR = 15.556 , 95% CI = 7.736 ~ 31.281). Female students and college students had different awareness of folic acid prevention of NTDs (χ2 = 11.490, P = 0.001, OR = 2.576, 95% CI = 1.491-4.453) Female college students knew that folate had the preventive effect on NTDs (χ2 = 4.732, P <0.05, OR = 0.544, 95% CI = 0.314-0.941). Conclusions The level of awareness of folic acid in college girls is low. Health education is needed to improve the folic acid intake of women of childbearing age and reduce the occurrence of NTDs.