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骨缺损修复重建是骨科领域长期以来的研究热点,组织工程及干细胞技术在促进骨再生及治疗骨缺损的研究取得了一系列的重要成果.近年来,3D打印技术和组织工程、干细胞技术相结合的生物3D打印通过精确控制支架的外形、内部结构并将生物材料、干细胞和/或细胞打印成三维生物功能体,在优化骨缺损修复组织的几何外形、力学性能及生物功能上具有明显优势,相关研究取得了一系列的重要进展.生物3D打印在骨科应用的常见打印方式:①喷墨式打印;②挤出式打印;③激光辅助打印;④光固化成型打印;⑤基于微阀的打印,各种打印方式及原理并不相同,且各有优缺点,适用的“生物墨水”也不一样.骨科生物3D打印的关键技术包括:①打印前的影像数据获取及3D结构设计方法;②适合3D打印、可用于组织工程、增强成骨效果的复合生物支架材料的研发与应用;③确保移植物的生物性能的干细胞选择及诱导多能干细胞技术;④提高生物打印体组织成熟化及生物特征的体外生物反应器技术.生物3D打印研究领域发表的文献自2008年以来呈持续高增长趋势,使用文献计量可视化分析软件VOS viewer对出现的高频关键词建立共词矩阵并绘制关键词共现网络图谱分析,生物物3D打印研究热点为利用组织工程方法3D打印组织支架,同时进行细胞存活及药物效应的研究,生物3D打印的仪器与方法也是研究热点之一.“,”Bone defect repairing and reconstruction has been a hot research topic in orthopedics for a long time.Tissue engineering and stem cell technology have made a series of important achievements in promoting bone regeneration to treat bone defect.In recent years,3D bio-printing,which combining with 3D printing,tissue engineering and stem cell technology,has significant advantages in optimizing the geometry,mechanical properties and biological functions of repairing tissue for bone defect by accurately controlling the shape and internal structure of scaffolds,and printing biomaterials,stem cells and (or) cells into three-dimensional biological functional structures.A series of important progress has been achieved.The common printing methods for bioprinting related to orthopedic include:Inkjet 3D bioprinting;microextrusion 3D bioprinting;laser-assisted 3D bioprinting;stereolithography;microvalve based 3D bioprinting.Various printing methods and principles are not the same,and each has advantages and disadvantages,and the applicable “bio ink” is also different.The key technologies of orthopedic bio-3D printing include:the methods of image data acquisition and 3D structure design;development and application of composite bio-scaffold materials suitable for 3D printing,tissue engineering and bone-enhancing effect;stem cell selection for ensuring graft biological performance and induced pluripotent stem cell technology;in vitro bioreactor technology for improving the maturity and biocharacterization of bioprinted tissues.The literature published in the field of biological 3D printing research has continued to grow at a high rate since 2008.Using the bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer to create a co-word matrix for high-frequency keywords and to draw a keyword co-occurrence network map analysis,biological 3D printing research hotspots are the use of tissue engineering methods to 3D printed tissue scaffolds,while studying cell survival and drug effects.The instruments and methods of bio-3D printing are also one of the research hotspots.