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论述文写作教学的目的应是锻炼学生的理性思维、思辨精神,培养具有公共理性与文明情怀的现代公民。基于这样的出发点,论述文写作必须是真实地说理。倡导学生真实地说理,很重要的一点是要有对手意识。所谓对手意识,就是在写作时要预设一个站在你对面、持不同观点的人,要分析他会提出什么驳斥意见,然后理性地一一应对。树立对手意识,可使立论更加审慎、思辨,表达更加严谨、负责,推理更加合理、缜密,论据更加精当、真实。树立对手意识需要通过训练逐步培养,本文以掌握说理评估角度和辩论赛的开展来例说树立对手意识的方法和途径。
The purpose of teaching essay writing should be to exercise students’ rational thinking, speculative spirit, and cultivate modern citizens with public reason and civilized feelings. Based on this starting point, essay writing must be truthfully justified. Advocating students to truthfully, it is important to have opponents awareness. The so-called opponent’s consciousness means that when writing, you must preset a person who stands opposite you and has different views. You must analyze what refutation he will make and then deal with it rationally. Establishing a sense of adversary can make the argument more cautious, speculative, and more rigorous, responsible, reasoning more reasonable and meticulous, and the arguments are more precise and truthful. To establish the awareness of opponents need to gradually train through training, this article to grasp the perspective of argument evaluation and debating race to illustrate the methods and ways to establish opponents awareness.