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长期二氧化硅粉尘暴露可引起矽肺，同时也引起自身免疫功能异常，可能导致自身免疫病，如类风湿性关节炎、系统性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、特发性炎症性肌病、抗中心粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎等。矽肺、自身免疫病可以单独发生，也可以合并存在。本文对矽尘相关性自身免疫病的概念、流行病学、临床特征以及可能的作用机制进行综述，以期提高对疾病的认识，推动诊断标准和治疗方案的制定。“,”Silicosis is caused by long-term exposure to dust containing crystalline silica. However, silica exposure, which may lead to autoimmune dysfunction, is associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and anti-central granulocyte cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis. With silica exposure autoimmune diseases may exist with or without silicosis. This article reviews recent research on silica-associated autoimmune diseases such as the concept, epidemiology, clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms to improve the understanding of the disease and promote the formulation of diagnostic criteria and treatment plans.