目的　分析日本脑炎病毒感染儿的临床特点 ,探讨儿童日本脑炎病毒感染现状。方法　 1996年 5月～1999年 9月临床考虑为病毒性中枢神经系统感染并送检日本脑炎病毒 (JEV) ,IgM抗体检测的 16 3例患儿中 2 3例JEV IgM阳性 ,2 3例JEV感染的临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果　 2～ 6a和 6～ 10a年龄组血清IgM抗体阳性率分别为 18.5 2%和 2 3.80 % ;39.13 %的临床表现为重型和极重型 ;2例临床表现为急性弛缓性麻痹。结论　流行季节日本脑炎病毒仍是儿童病毒性脑炎的重要病原 ,<10a年龄组应是预防日本脑炎病毒感染的重点对象 Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with Japanese encephalitis virus infection and to explore the status of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in children. Methods From May 1996 to September 1999, clinical considerations were viral CNS infections and were submitted to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Twenty-three of the 16 3 children tested positive for IgM antibody were positive for JEV IgM and 23 The clinical features of JEV infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results The positive rates of serum IgM antibodies in age groups 2-6 a and 6-10 a were 18.5 2% and 2. 3.80% respectively. The clinical manifestations of 39.13% were severe and extremely severe. The clinical manifestations of 2 cases were acute flaccid paralysis. Conclusions Japanese encephalitis virus is still an important pathogen of childhood viral encephalitis in the epidemic season, and the <10a group should be the focus of prevention of Japanese encephalitis virus infection