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目的调查制造生产工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMD)的患病情况,分析其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择3家制造行业企业的1 168名一线生产工人为研究对象,采用自行设计的问卷调查其基本情况和工作过程中的人体工效学情况,采用《北欧肌肉骨骼问卷》调查OMD患病情况。根据是否罹患OMD分为非OMD组和OMD组。结果 1 168名工人OMD患病率为34.9%。与非OMD组比较,OMD组工人搬运重物时使用辅助工具得分升高(P<0.01),搬运重物时直腰屈膝得分下降(P<0.01)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,男性工人罹患OMD的风险高于女性工人(P<0.05);工龄越长者,发生OMD的风险越大(P<0.01);倒班工人罹患OMD的风险高于非倒班工人(P<0.01);在工作过程中搬运重物时使用辅助工具和搬运重物时直腰屈膝得分越高(即较少采用上述劳动行为)者,罹患OMD的风险越高(P<0.05)。结论性别、工龄、倒班、劳动行为与姿势均是OMD的影响因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (OMD) in manufacturing workers and analyze its influential factors. Methods A sample of 1 168 first-line workers from 3 manufacturing enterprises was selected as the research object by convenient sampling method. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the basis of its own design and the ergonomics during the work process. The “Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire” OMD prevalence. According to whether the suffering from OMD is divided into non-OMD group and OMD group. Results The prevalence of OMD in 1 168 workers was 34.9%. Compared with non-OMD group, workers in OMD group scored higher (P <0.01), using aids when carrying heavy objects, and decreased the score of straight waist and knees when carrying heavy objects (P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that male workers had a higher risk of OMD than female workers (P <0.05). The longer the seniority, the greater the risk of OMD (P <0.01); the shift workers had higher risk of OMD than the non-shift workers Workers (P <0.01). The higher the risk of OMD (P <0.05), the higher the score of straight-kneeplexis (ie, the less labor-consuming behavior) was when using heavy aids during handling, ). Conclusion Gender, length of service, work shift, labor behavior and posture are the influencing factors of OMD.