引言铝土矿这种富含铝的氢氧化物矿物的沉积岩,是铝的最重要的原料,因此具有重大的经济意义。世界上生产的铝有96%来自铝土矿,只有4%来自霞石岩和钠明矾石。最近30年来,全世界铝的消耗量每年以8—10%的速度增长,粗铝的产量1977年达14.2百万吨。对铝需求的迅速增加激起了全世界对铝土矿的不断寻找,大范围的系统勘探使铝土矿的已知储量迅速增加(从1900年的120百万 Introduction Bauxite This sedimentary rock of aluminum-rich hydroxide minerals is the most important raw material for aluminum and therefore of great economic importance. 96% of the world’s aluminum is produced from bauxite and only 4% from nepheline and sodium alunite. The world’s aluminum consumption has been growing at a rate of 8-10% a year for the last 30 years and 14.2 million tons for coarse aluminum in 1977. The rapid increase in demand for aluminum has stirred the world’s search for bauxite, and the widespread systematic exploration has rapidly increased the known reserves of bauxite (from 120 million in 1900