目的探讨不同糖代谢状态、性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、血压与血脂水平的关系。方法对山东省40岁以上城市社区中老年人10 028名行横断面调查,收集人口学资料,同时行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,测定空腹总胆固醇(Cho)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和甘油三酯(TG)。结果山东省40岁以上城市社区中老年人血清Cho、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG平均水平分别为(5.35±1.05)mmol/L、(3.18±0.86)mmol/L、(1.51±0.38)mmol/L、1.34 mmol/L。女性血清Cho、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG平均水平均高于男性,其中Cho、LDL-C、HDL-C差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血清Cho、LDL-C、TG平均水平随血压升高而升高(P=0.005,P=0.012,P=0.043),血清HDL-C平均水平随血压升高而降低(P=0.002)。血清Cho、LDL-C、TG平均水平随体质量指数增加而升高(P=0.013,P=0.023,P=0.007),血清HDL-C平均水平随体质量指数增加而降低(P=0.010)。糖耐量正常人群、糖尿病前期[空腹血糖受损(IFG)、糖耐量减低(IGT)及空腹血糖受损并糖耐量减低]人群、糖尿病人群血清Cho、LDL-C平均水平先升高后降低(P<0.001),血清HDL-C平均水平逐渐降低(P=0.007),TG平均水平逐渐升高(P<0.001)。血清Cho边缘升高(5.18~6.21 mmol/L)和升高(≥6.22 mmol/L)的人群分别为36.92%、19.10%;LDL-C边缘升高(3.37~4.13 mmol/L)和升高(≥4.14 mmol/L)人群分别为25.24%、13.39%;TG边缘升高(1.70~2.25 mmol/L)和升高(≥2.26 mmol/L)人群分别为16.70%、17.47%;HDL-C降低(≤1.04 mmol/L)的人群为5.64%。结论山东省城市中老年人群血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高。性别、年龄、BMI、血压、糖代谢状态均可影响血脂水平。如不采取有效的预防和控制措施,中国心脑血管疾病的发病率仍将持续升高。 Objective To investigate the relationship between different glucose metabolism status, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and blood lipid levels. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 10 028 middle-aged and elderly people in urban areas over 40 years old in Shandong province was conducted. Demographic data were collected. Meanwhile oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. The levels of fasting total cholesterol (Cho), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Results The average levels of serum Cho, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG in urban residents aged over 40 in Shandong were (5.35 ± 1.05) mmol / L, (3.18 ± 0.86) mmol / L and (1.51 ± 0.38) mmol / L, 1.34 mmol / L. The serum levels of Cho, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were higher in males than in males. There was significant difference in Cho, LDL-C and HDL-C between the two groups (P <0.001). Serum Cho, LDL-C, TG levels increased with increasing blood pressure (P = 0.005, P = 0.012, P = 0.043). Serum HDL-C levels decreased with increasing blood pressure (P = 0.002). The serum levels of Cho, LDL-C and TG increased with body mass index (P = 0.013, P = 0.023, P = 0.007). The mean serum HDL-C level decreased with the increase of body mass index . The average level of Cho and LDL-C in diabetics increased first and then decreased (P <0.05) in the normal population with impaired glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance P <0.001). The average level of serum HDL-C decreased gradually (P = 0.007) and the level of TG increased gradually (P <0.001). The margins of serum Cho (5.18 ~ 6.21 mmol / L) and elevated (≥6.22 mmol / L) were 36.92% and 19.10%, respectively; the margins of LDL-C increased from 3.37 to 4.13 mmol / L and (≥4.14 mmol / L) were 25.24% and 13.39%, respectively. The population with elevated edge (1.70-2.25 mmol / L) and elevated (≥2.26 mmol / L) in TG group were 16.70% and 17.47% Reduced (≤ 1.04 mmol / L) of the population was 5.64%. Conclusion The levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are higher in middle-aged and elderly people in Shandong province. Sex, age, BMI, blood pressure, glucose metabolism can affect blood lipid levels. Without effective prevention and control measures, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China will continue to rise.