在申论考试给定材料的基础上,为了申述、论证自己的观点,既要辨明是非,又要比较优劣,以增强申述、论证的效果。这就需要运用比较说理的技法。比较说理是一种由个别到一般的说理方法。按照理解上由易到难的逻辑顺序,比较说理有纵向比较、横向比较、对比比较和类比比较,以下分别加以阐述。一、纵向比较纵向比较是从空间和时间上历史地全面地认识现实,发现客观事物的内在联系的一种分析说理方 On the basis of the materials given in the examination, in order to represent and justify their own opinions, it is necessary to distinguish between right and wrong and also to compare the advantages and disadvantages so as to enhance the effectiveness of the representations and arguments. This requires the use of more reasonable techniques. Comparative reasoning is an individual to the general method of reasoning. In accordance with the understanding of the logical sequence from easy to difficult, more reasoning there are vertical comparison, horizontal comparison, comparative comparison and analogy comparison, the following are described. I. Comparison of Longitudinal Comparisons Longitudinal comparison is an analysis of the internal relations of objective things in a historical and comprehensive manner from space and time