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目的老年低钠血症的原因,临床表现及防治措施。方法总结分析37例老年低钠血症临床特点,根据不同的基础疾病及诱因对症、补钙治疗。结果所有患者均合并有基础疾病,高龄(70岁以上)老年患者居多,可与肺部感染、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭、电解质紊乱、酸碱失衡及肝肾功能不全等同时存在。主要临床表现为食欲不振,感觉迟钝,常有神经精神症状,重度低钠患者可发生少尿,血压下降及昏迷。经综合性治疗,治愈好转30例。结论低钠血症临床表现无明显特异性,对老年慢性疾病患者并发明显钠差、表情淡漠及嗜睡等神经精神改变,及时检查电解质,警惕低钠血症。
Objective The causes, clinical manifestations and prevention and treatment of senile hyponatremia. Methods The clinical features of 37 cases of senile hyponatremia were analyzed and summarized. According to different underlying diseases and causes, symptomatic treatment and calcium supplementation were given. Results All patients had underlying diseases. The majority of elderly patients (70 years old and above) were elderly with pulmonary infection, respiratory failure, heart failure, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance and liver-kidney dysfunction. The main clinical manifestations of loss of appetite, feeling insensitive, often neuropsychiatric symptoms, severe hyponatremia may occur oliguria, decreased blood pressure and coma. After comprehensive treatment, cure improved in 30 cases. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of hyponatremia have no obvious specificity. The changes of neuropsychological parameters such as sodium difference, apathy and lethargy in patients with chronic diseases of the elderly are obvious. Electrolytes are checked in time and vigilant against hyponatremia.