针对机床导轨系统的误差补偿问题,提出一种基于激光跟踪仪的机床导轨误差检测方法。利用齐次坐标变换的方法建立导轨系统的误差模型,给出6项原始误差与空间误差的关系。在导轨系统的运动平台上选取不共线的3点,并利用激光跟踪仪检测出3点的空间坐标,然后逆用导轨系统误差模型,建立包含所有机床导轨系统原始误差的方程组,进而求得所有空间误差。实验中,分别利用误差检测方法和传统九线法检测导轨系统的偏摆误差,二者的检测结果一致性非常好,且最大差异只有0.74″,证明了该方法的有效性。相对于传统方法,基于激光跟踪仪的机床导轨误差检测方法操作简单、易于实现。 Aiming at the error compensation of the machine tool guide system, a method of machine tool guide error detection based on laser tracker is proposed. The error model of the guideway system is established by means of homogeneous coordinate transformation, and the relationship between the six original errors and the space error is given. Select 3 points which are not collinear on the moving platform of the guidance system and detect the spatial coordinates of 3 points by using the laser tracker. Then use the systematic error model of the guidance track to build an equation system that contains all the original errors of the guidance system of the machine tool, Get all the space error. In the experiment, the error of detection and the traditional nine-line method were respectively used to detect the deflection error of the guide rail system. The consistency of the test results was very good and the maximum difference was only 0.74 ", which proves the effectiveness of the method. Compared with the traditional method , Laser tracker-based machine tool error detection method is simple, easy to implement.