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为全面评价黔中杠寨小流域主要植被类型的水土保持功能,以小流域主要的5种植被类型下的表层土壤为研究对象,并以无林地为对照,选取了多个与土壤抗蚀性相关的指标,分析其不同植被类型下土壤抗蚀性的差异,并采用主成分分析法筛选出了评价土壤抗蚀性强弱的最佳指标,计算了土壤抗蚀性综合指数。结果表明:(1)5种不同植被类型的土壤抗蚀性均要优于无林地(少数几个指标除外),麻栎灌木林在各抗蚀性指标上表现最好,马尾松+华山松混交林幼林次之;(2)不同植被类型下评价土壤抗蚀性的最佳五指标分别是:>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、结构破坏率、分散系数、团聚状况和团聚度;(3)根据土壤抗蚀性综合指数,5种不同植被类型及无林地表层土壤的抗蚀性由强到弱依次为:麻栎灌木林(1.302)、马尾松+华山松混交林幼林(1.073)、柳杉幼林(0.190)、杉木+柳杉混交林幼林(-0.145)、柏木幼林(-0.428)、无林地(-1.992)。建议该小流域在石漠化综合治理和生态恢复过程中,应加强对麻栎天然次生林的人为管护措施,以提高其群落整体生态效应;把马尾松+华山松混交林作为重要生态公益林加以营造。
In order to comprehensively evaluate the function of soil and water conservation of the main vegetation types in the Baizhaoxi valley in Guizhou province, the topsoil under the five major vegetation types in the small watershed was studied. Compared with the non-forestland, And analyzed the difference of soil anti-erodibility under different vegetation types. The best index to evaluate the soil erosion resistance was screened by principal component analysis, and the composite index of soil erosion resistance was calculated. The results showed that: (1) Soil erosion resistance of 5 different vegetation types was superior to that of non-forest land (except for a few indicators), Quercus acutissima shrubs had the best performance on each erosion resistance index, and Pinus massoniana + Pinus armandii (2) The best five indexes for evaluating soil anti-erosion under different vegetation types are:> 0.25 mm water-stable aggregate content, structural failure rate, dispersion coefficient, agglomeration status and reunion degree; 3) According to the comprehensive index of soil resistance, the corrosion resistance of topsoil in five different vegetation types and non-forest land from strong to weak were: Quercus shrub forest (1.302), Pinus massoniana / Pinus armandi forest mixed forest (1.073) , Cryptomeria fortunei (0.190), Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest (-0.145), Young cypress wood (-0.428), No woodland (-1.992). It is suggested that man-made measures should be taken to improve the overall ecological effects of natural secondary forest in Quercus acutissima in the process of comprehensive management and ecological restoration of rocky desertification. Pinus massoniana / Pinus armandii mixed forest is an important ecological public welfare forest To create.