1348年爆发于欧洲的一场巨大的瘟疫—黑死病,是欧洲历史上最严重的灾难之一。它不仅流行极为迅速,而且破坏力非常之大,致使欧洲人口损失惨重。黑死病几乎冲击了当时欧洲社会的一切方面,触及到了社会生活的每个角落,对中世纪欧洲社会的经济、文化、宗教信仰、行政体制等方面都造成了不可低估的冲击,对其后的欧洲社会转型产生了巨大而深远的影响,欧洲社会的历史发展方向甚至为之改变。它令我们不得不重新反思自然灾害与人类文明进程的关系。 One of the worst plagues in Europe in 1348, the Black Plague, was one of the worst in Europe’s history. Not only is it extremely prevalent, but destructive is very large, causing heavy population losses in Europe. The Black Death almost touched all aspects of European society at that time and touched every corner of social life, which caused an inestimable impact on the economic, cultural, religious beliefs and administrative systems of the European society in the Middle Ages. The social transformation in Europe has had a huge and far-reaching impact. The historical development of European society has even changed. It makes us have to reconsider the relationship between natural disasters and the process of human civilization.