一、美国核安全管理模式的发展1、军事管制模式(1945年)美国最初并没有专门的核安全管理机构,只存在一些涉核军事机构。1942年,根据“曼哈顿计划”组建的“曼哈顿工程军区”在美军总司令罗斯福的领导下,以作战状态在全国开展制造原子弹并防治核污染的工作,是美国第一个核管理机构。该机构的支出不需要审批,按照军事管理的模式对核事务进行管理。这种管理模式有高度保密,权力集中,高效率的特点,但是同时伴有目的论证不科学,专业涵盖不全面的弱点,权力没有制约和监督,军事管制下的核工业有着巨大的潜在 I. Development of the U.S. Nuclear Security Management Model 1. Military Control Model (1945) The United States did not initially have a special nuclear safety regulatory agency and only some nuclear-armed military agencies. In 1942, under the leadership of U.S. military commander, Roosevelt, the “Manhattan Project Military Region” formed under the “Manhattan Project” was the first nuclear administration conducted by the United States to launch atomic bomb production and prevention and control of nuclear contamination nationwide. mechanism. The agency’s expenditure does not require approval, in accordance with the military management model of nuclear management. This mode of management is characterized by a high degree of secrecy, concentration of power and high efficiency, but at the same time it is accompanied by unscientific purposes of argument, incomplete coverage of specialization, and lack of restriction and supervision of power. Nuclear industry under military control has great potential