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20世纪20年代末期,资金短缺使得中国农村陷入严重的经济危机。有鉴于此,1932年上海商业储蓄银行试办通过信用合作社向农村提供贷款。上海商业储蓄银行的档案材料显示,该行制定的信用合作社规章中,包含信用合作社内部的监督机制,以及银行对信用合作社的约束机制,这为银行规避了农村贷款的风险。虽然上海商业储蓄银行通过信用合作社向农村贷款的时间不长,但取得了值得肯定的业绩。这项实践所带来的启示是:在农村金融体系欠缺的情况下,培育信用共同体是推动正规金融机构向农村配置资金的策略之一;农村金融服务应切合农村经济发展的需求;农村金融制度改进是持续性的,不仅需要安定的社会环境,也离不开经济、制度环境保障。
In the late 1920s, the shortage of funds plunged China’s rural areas into a serious economic crisis. In view of this, in 1932 the Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank tried to provide loans to rural areas through credit cooperatives. According to the archives of Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank, the credit cooperative rules formulated by the bank include the internal supervision mechanism of credit cooperatives and the bank’s restraint mechanism of credit cooperatives, which avoids the risks of rural loans by banks. Although the Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank loans to rural areas through credit cooperatives did not last long, but made a worthwhile performance. The enlightenment brought by this practice is that fostering the credit community is one of the strategies to promote the allocation of funds to the rural areas by the formal financial institutions when the rural financial system is lacking. The rural financial services should meet the needs of rural economic development. The rural financial system Improvement is sustainable. It requires not only a stable social environment but also an economic and institutional environment.