在坑探或采矿中开凿坑道的围岩稳定性,在露天开采或挖凿沟渠中的边坡稳定性和在水利建设中坝堰的基础稳定性等等都是建设施工中的至关重要问题。这些稳定性最为常见的破坏形式之一就是沿岩石软弱结构面的整体滑动。因此,掌握岩石软弱结构面,即软弱夹层的力学特征(一般为其内摩擦角φ和内聚力C)是设计和施工的必需依据。历史上这些参数的测定仅有两种方法:一种是现场大型剪切实验,但这种实验需要把仪器设备搬到实验现场,动用的人力物力很多,因而是不经济的;另一种方法是从现 The stability of surrounding rock, which is used to excavate tunnels in pit exploration or mining, the stability of slopes in open pit mining or digging trenches, and the foundation stability of dams in water conservancy construction are all crucial issues in construction. . One of the most common forms of damage to these stability is the overall sliding along the surface of the rock’s weak structure. Therefore, grasping the weak structural plane of the rock, that is, the mechanical characteristics of the weak interlayer (generally its internal friction angle φ and cohesion C) is a necessary basis for design and construction. Historically, these parameters were measured in only two methods: one was a large-scale shear test in the field, but this experiment required the equipment to be moved to the experimental site, which had a lot of manpower and material resources and was therefore not economical; the other method was Is from now