约翰·雅各布·卫普菲(Johann Jakob Wepfer,1620-1695)是第一个把卒中(Apoplexy)定性为脑血管病的人(图1)。希波克拉底在公元前400多年发明了卒中一词,意为患者像是被闪电击中,一下突然被打倒,但是病因一直不明。直到2000年后在1658年,Wepfer在历史上首先推测卒中是因为脑出血造成的。他描述了4例患者,其中一例突然昏倒,抽动,数小时后死亡,尸检硬膜下和脑室到处是血,血块有 Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620-1695) was the first person to characterize Apoplexy as a cerebrovascular disease (Figure 1). Hippocrates invented the word stroke in more than 400 BC, meaning the patient was struck by lightning and suddenly knocked down, but the cause was unknown. Until 1658 after 2000, Wepfer first speculated in history that stroke was caused by cerebral hemorrhage. He described four patients, one of whom had a sudden fainting and twitching, died a few hours later, an autopsy of the subdural and ventricles was blood, blood clots