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以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,以不同类型豆科植物为生物材料,对生物改土效应进行研究。结果表明:①草木樨、苜蓿根际土壤容重在1.00～1.35g/cm3之间,是最适宜的土壤容重范围;黑豆、大豆对0.25～3mm之间团粒具有较强的作用;种植草木樨、苜蓿、黑豆、大豆后,土壤>0.5mm水稳性团聚体的含量均在90%以上。草木樨、苜蓿、黑豆和大豆对土壤物理性质具有良好的改良作用。②草木樨、苜蓿、小冠花在短时期内对土壤氮素具有较强的补给作用;豆科牧草在生土地上生长两季后,对土壤0-60cm土层氮素具有明显的表聚效应;土壤表层有机质含量以小冠花最高;0-20cm土壤表层速效P的含量均极显著高于其他层次的;红三叶和小冠花土壤速效K含量高于草木樨和苜蓿的。种植红三叶和小冠花对土壤表层肥田效果比草木樨和苜蓿占优势。③一年生高产植物大豆随生长进程的前、中、后期土壤N素表现了高-低-高的积累-消耗-再积累的过程,土壤N素循环较大。研究为生物改土、有机沃土提供了理论参考。
Taking Loess Plateau as test soil, different types of legumes were used as biomaterials to study the effect of bio-amending soil. The results showed that: (1) The rhizosphere soil bulk density of A. officinalis and alfalfa was between 1.00 and 1.35g / cm3, which was the most suitable range of soil bulk density. Black beans and soybean had a strong effect on the aggregates between 0.25 and 3mm. Alfalfa, black beans, soybeans, soil> 0.5mm water stable aggregate content of more than 90%. Herbage, alfalfa, black bean and soybean have a good improvement on soil physical properties. (2) The growth of leguminosus, alfalfa and crown gall had a strong effect on soil nitrogen supply in a short period of time. After two seasons of growth on legume, The content of organic matter in surface layer of soil was the highest, while the content of available P in 0-20 cm soil surface was significantly higher than that of other layers. The content of available K in soil of Trifolium pratense and Corolla was higher than that of grass and mulberry. Planting red clover and small crown on soil surface fertilization than domperidae and alfalfa dominated. (3) The process of annual high-yielding plant soybean with high and low-high accumulation-depletion-re-accumulation of N in the early, middle and later stages of soil growth showed a large N cycle. The research provided a theoretical reference for biological modification of soil and organic fertile soil.