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超声波探伤是无损检验方法之一,它具有灵敏度高、操作方便、快速、经济等优点,因而越来越受人们的注意。目前在一些部门中使用颇为普遍,特别是造船、化工机械和钢铁工业,超声波探伤已经成为检验产品质量的一种主要方法。早在1928年利用压电效应产生振源来检测材料内部缺陷的方法已被提出来了,但是由于当时技术上存在困难,还无法实用。随着无线电电子学的发展,特别是雷达技术和水声学的发展——声纳的出现,使超声波用于材料探伤成为可能。1947年开始用声脉冲反射法对金属材料进行检验,自此以后,超声波探伤技术便进入了实用阶段并且很快地发展起来。近年来由于高温、高压、高速及核动力,宇宙航行等技术的飞跃发展,对产品的微小缺陷,严格要求预先检出,超声波探伤法由于它独特的优点而显示其广阔的发展前途。
Ultrasonic flaw detection is one of the non-destructive testing methods. It has the advantages of high sensitivity, convenient operation, quickness and economy, and therefore attracts more and more attention. Currently used in some sectors is quite common, especially in shipbuilding, chemical machinery and iron and steel industry, ultrasonic testing has become a test of product quality as a main method. As early as 1928, the method of using piezoelectric effect to generate vibration source to detect internal defects in materials has been proposed, but due to the technical difficulties at that time, it was not practical. With the development of radio electronics, especially the development of radar technology and water acoustics, the emergence of sonar makes it possible to use ultrasonic wave for material flaw detection. Since 1947, the acoustic pulse reflex method has been used to test metal materials. Since then, ultrasonic flaw detection technology has entered a practical phase and developed rapidly. In recent years due to the rapid development of technologies such as high temperature, high pressure, high speed and nuclear power, astronautics and so on, the tiny defects of products are strictly detected preliminarily. The ultrasonic flaw detection method shows its broad development prospects due to its unique advantages.