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微生物作为一种生物质资源不仅具有种类繁多、生物量巨大、易于再生且廉价易得的特点,而且微生物本身就具有高度复杂的微/纳米构造和丰富的功能基团,经过修饰和处理就可以得到结构和功能多样的微/纳米材料.微生物自模板法直接利用微生物天然的球形构造并以其自身物质为主要原料经过一定的处理形成多孔中空微球,具有无需制备模板、反应步骤少和化学试剂消耗量低等优点,与传统的软、硬模板法相比有了较大的进步.本文将利用微生物自模板法制备多孔中空微球的主要合成方法归纳为:溶剂顺序抽提法、高温碳化法和水热碳化法.微生物通过上述3种方法并结合表面修饰可以得到组成丰富、功能多样的多孔中空微球,使其在活性物质封装、控释给药、核磁成像、电极材料、催化及环境等领域有着广泛的应用.在高度重视环境保护和强调可持续发展的当今时代,发展微生物自模板法制备多孔中空微球有着更为深远的现实意义.
As a kind of biomass resources, microorganisms not only have a great variety, huge biomass, easy to regenerate and cheap, but also their own micro-nano structure and abundant functional groups themselves. Get the structure and function of a variety of micro / nano-materials.Micro-microorganisms from the template directly to the natural spherical structure and its own material as the main raw material through a certain amount of processing to form porous hollow microspheres with no need to prepare templates, reaction steps and chemical The advantages of low reagent consumption, compared with the traditional soft and hard template method has made great progress.In this paper, the use of microbial templates from the preparation of porous hollow microspheres main synthesis methods summarized as follows: solvent sequential extraction method, high temperature carbonization Method and hydrothermal carbonization method.Microorganisms through the above three methods combined with the surface modification can be made of rich and diverse porous porous microspheres, active encapsulation, controlled release drug delivery, NMR imaging, electrode materials, catalysis and Environment and other fields have a wide range of applications in the high degree of emphasis on environmental protection and emphasis on sustainable development In today’s era, the development of micro-organisms from the template preparation porous hollow microsphere has far-reaching practical significance.